I have skipped primordial super-continent Gondwanaland that existed millions of years ago and have straightforwardly gone to the time of evolution of apes & humans ... Evolutionary chain between the two particular kinds of creatures, morphological similarities imply a biogenetic relationship and ancestry. The fossil record ''suggests that our ancestry is better thought of as a bush, with the branches representing a number of bipedal species that evolved along different evolutionary lines. Physical evolution is glacially slow; we humans share 98.4 percent of our genetic material with chimpanzees.'' The "missing link" refers to something intermediate between apes and humans: either apes with some human features, or humans with primitive features. These could be either direct human ancestors, or just more closely related to us than to modern apes. The Lower Paleolithic period, also known as the Early Stone Age, is currently believed to have lasted from between about 2.7 million to 200,000 years ago. The Lower Paleolithic begins when the first known stone tool manufacture occurred, about 2.7 million years ago, called the Oldowan tradition. The earliest stone tools have been discovered at Gona and Bouri in Ethiopia, and (a little later) Lokalalei in Kenya. Stone tools of the Paleolithic include Acheulean handaxes and cleavers; these suggest that most humans of the period were scavengers rather than hunters. The Lower Paleolithic saw the rise of Hominin ancestors of human beings, including Australopithecus, Homo habilis (Australopithecines africanus/ Eoanthropus), Homo erectus, Australopithaecus anamensis and Homo ergaster. Several of Homo erectus (Pithecanthropus) have been known by local names like Java Man, Heidelberg Man or Peking Man and they were very tall. Cro-Magnon, Neanderthal (still unclassified), and Swanscombe were different races that apparently died out some 100,000 years ago. These hominid fossils, (also Lucy and Java Man), have never been claimed to be the "missing link" in the sense of a common ancestor of apes and humans. They have been, and still are, considered to be ancestors or close relatives of modern humans. Species usually undergo change when their populations become isolated, but the large, highly mobile human populations today ''have become one giant global gene pool''; also, they are operating ''under the ameliorating influence of cultural evolution,'' which has enabled people to be generally adaptable to new conditions.
Most Indians are primarily a mixture of 3 ancestral populations: |